Vowels
Consonants
All letters are pronounced except for very few orthographic conventions:
- You will occasionally find examples of words with a palletized c or g (ċ, ġ) next to a back vowel, but sometimes they will have an e inserted between the c or g and the back vowel, and this e should probably not be pronounced.
- eu will never occur next to each other because someone, somewhere, decided that this was a positively terrible thing (utter sarcasm should be observed here); as such, when an e is included due to the rule above if the original back vowel was a u, it is now written with an o and looks suspiciously like the diphthong eo. (someone obviously thought this added level of confusion was appropriate, anything to prevent the dreaded eu combination)
Accent
The Accent of the Proto-Germanic language was one of stress, having evolved from one of pitch in Proto-Indoeuropean. Words in Old English are almost always stressed on the first syllable. When the word has a prefix, this normally goes unstressed in verbs, but in nouns it is normally stressed, sometimes with the second syllable having a secondary stress.
Forwyrd - ruin- is stressed on the "o", while forwiernan - refuse- is stressed on the digraph "ie".
Vowel length has nothing to do with stress, and these two feature can weave together a very complex rhythm.
Forwyrd - ruin- is stressed on the "o", while forwiernan - refuse- is stressed on the digraph "ie".
Vowel length has nothing to do with stress, and these two feature can weave together a very complex rhythm.
Thanks for these charts!
ReplyDeleteHere are some useful links I found that give audible examples of how IPA symbols are pronounced:
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/vowels.html
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/consonants.html
http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/othersymbols.html
If you want to get really technical on how these are pronounced, these YouTube videos also explain the various positions your tongue, lips and mouth need to be in to make these sounds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xa5bG_wrK7s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF9qTJD25Ig