Showing posts with label Nouns. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nouns. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 6, 2015

Episode 4: Declensions


No, not a New Hope, that's not the correct order Mr. Lucas; but at least we have new grammar. Join me as we go over the basics of the Old English case system and learn why you can't just say "the" in Old English.

Check out this episode!

As promised, TABLES:



























To help ingrain the case system I highly recommend going across as apposed to down. What does that mean? If your going to just rote memorize them by repeating and/or writing them, which really does work better if you do both, then I would follow the rows across as in:

Se stān, þæt scip, þæt word, sēo ġiefu; þā stānas, þā scipu, þā word, þā ġiefa

Þone stān, þæt scip, þæt word, þā ġiefe; þā stānas, þā scipu, þā word, þā ġiefa

Þæs stānes, þæs scipes, þæs wordes, þǣre ġiefe; þā stāna, þā scipa, þā worda, þā ġiefena

Þǣm stāne, þǣm scipe, þǣm worde, þǣre ġiefe; þā stānum, þā scipum, þā wordum, þā ġiefum


Vocabulary

These are tagged with 4 in the Anki deck. I know it looks like a lot, but think of how similar some of them are to Modern English, also rest assured that there will not be new vocal until the next episode (around 2 week from now). Try creating your own sentences and adding more to your conversation. Don't worry too much about the different classes of strong verb yet, just know that that means they change their vowel in the preterite/past tense; along the same lines don't worry about the fact that adjectives have special endings, just put some sentences together and try it out.

Beswīcan - to ensnare, deceive Str. V. 1
Flēogan - to fly, take flight Str. V. 2
Breġdan - to braid, weave or knit Str. V. 3
Cweþan - to say, declare, or proclaim Str. V. 5
Ofslēan - to slay, destroy Str. V. 6
Slēan - to strike, beat, attack Str. V. 6
Bycgan - to buy Wk. V. 1
Ēhtan - to chase, pursue Wk. V. 1
Fēdan - to feed, sustain Wk. V. 1
Læċċan - to capture, sieze Wk. V. 1
Sellan - to give, trade, or sell Wk. V. 1
Temman - to tame Wk. V. 1
Wyrċan - to preform, work, or produce Wk. V. 1
Clipping - to call, summon, or cry out Wk. V. 2
Fandian - to tempt, test, or examine Wk. V. 2
Fremman - to make, accomplish, do Wk. V. 2
Ġeocian - to yoke Wk. V. 2
Lufian - to love, cherish Wk. V. 2
Lūtian - to lurk, sulk Wk. V. 2
Magan - to be able to, or competent Pret. Pres. V.
Witan - to know of, understand Pret. Pres. V.

Cwic - alive, living, quick Adj.
Dēore - dear, precious, beloved Adj.
Dēorwierþe - valuable, costly Adj.
Eald - old, ancient Adj.
Ġedyrtiġ - daring, bold Adj.
Ġehæp - happy Adj.
Ilca - same, the same as Adj. or Pron.
Lēas - devoid of, without Adj.
Māra - more, larger, bigger Adj.
Ōþer - other, another Adj. or Pron.
Til - good, apt, suitable Adj.

Se bāt - boat, ship Str. Masc. Noun
Se bēag - ring of precious metal either ornamental or valuable Str. Masc. Noun
Se Eald - elder, leader, prince Str. Masc. Noun
Se heofon - heaven, sky irreg. Masc. Noun
Se leax - lox, salmon Str. Masc. Noun
Se lenċten - spring (time of year), Lent Str. Masc. Noun
Se rǣd - advice Str. Mac. Noun
Se sleġe - a blow, strike, slaughter Str. Masc. Noun

Se feld - field u-stem Masc. Noun
Se sunu - son u-stem Masc. Noun
Se winter - winter (when counting years you count winters) u-stem Masc. Noun

Se angel - (fishing) hook Irreg. Masc. Noun
Se God - God, or god (mostly the Christian God) irreg. Masc. Noun

Sēo ċeasterwaru - a city dweller Str. Fem. Noun
Sēo ġiefu - gift Str. Fem. Noun
Sēo miht - power, strength, might Str. Fem. Noun
Sēo sunne - sun Wk. Fem. Noun

Þæt dēor - wild animal Str. Neut. Noun
Þæt folc - people, nation, folk Str. Neut. Noun
Þæt ġēar - year Str. Neut. Noun
Þæt land - land, soil, realm Str. Neut. Noun
Þæt nett - net Str. Neut. Noun
Þæt pleoh - danger, risk irreg. Neut. Noun

Būtan - without, except Prep.
Wiþ - against, from, in return for, with Prep.

Onġēan - back, again Adv.
Þearle - exceedingly, severely Adv. 

Þā - then, when Adv.

Monday, August 31, 2015

Episode 2: Who We Are and What We Do


In this second part of the "Intro" segment, we go over some different regions and ethnicities in Old English, as well as a few occupations. We also take a look at pronouns in Old English.

Check out this episode!

And here's the Intro Presentation again.


Our "conversation with Alfred"


Me
Alfred
wes þū hāl”

“wes hāl”

“hū hātest þū?”

Iċ hātte Alfred, and þū?”

Iċ hātte Bob. Hū gǣþ?”

Iċ eom gōd, and þū?”


Iċ eom gōd eac, þancie þē.”

Þū eart Englisc, ac iċ neom. Iċ eom of ofer þære sǣ. Iċ eom wealh.”


This next part is taken from the text in First Steps in Anglo Saxon by Henry Sweet.


Hwelċne cræft canst þū?”

Iċ eom hunta”

Hwæs hunta eart þū?” 

Iċ eom þæs cyninges hunta”

Hwelċne cræft canst þū?”

Iċ eom fiscere.”

Hwæt beġietst þū of þīnum cræfte?” 

Bīleofan iċ mē beġiete, and scrūd, and feoh.” 

Hū ġefēhst þū þā fiscas?”

Iċ gā on mīnne bāt, and rōwe ūt on þā ēa, and weorpe mīn nett on þā ēa.”

My summary in Old English (it's not poetry)


Ælfric wæs Englisc munuc, and hē wrāt þæt “colloquy”. In ūre colloquy, wē spræcon mid Alfred. Wē sæġdedon ēalā. Þā, hē spræce meċ, and him spræc iċ. Hē is hunta, se hunta þone cyninges. Iċ sæġdede þæt iċ wæs fiscere.

Some Locations Around the World (known at the time)

Region Name            People                    Adjective

Englaland                                   Angelcynn                            Englisc

Ēast Angla Rīċe 

Miercna Rīċe 

Norþymbra Rīċe 

Westseaxna Rīċe                       Westseaxe

Ēast Seaxna Rīċe                      Ēastseaxe

Cantaware Rīċe 

Sūþseaxna Rīċe 

Rōm                                            Rōmane                                Rōmanisc

Denemearc                                 Dene                                     Denisc

Grēcland                    

Swēoland                                   Swēon    

Ispānia                                                                                     Ispānisc

Itālia

Ēgypte                                       Ēgypte

(France)                                                                                   Frencisc

                                                                                                 Gallisc

(Germany)                                                                               þēodisc



Some Occupations

On ċiriċe
     Munuc - Monk
     Biscop, bisceop, biscep - Bishop
     Pāpa - Pope
On þæt land
     Æcermann - Farmer
     Ierþling - Farmer, plowman
On þæm sǣ
     Flotmann - Sailor
     Fiscere - Fisherman
Mid dēor
     Scēaphierd - Shepard
     Oxanhierd, Nīþerhierd - Ox herder
     Hunta - Huntsman
     Fuglere - Fowler
On þonne tūn
     Ċīepemann - Merchant
     Mangere - Merchant
     Scōwyrhta - Shoe maker.
     Sealtere - Salter
On þæt hūs
     Bæcere - Baker
     Cōc - Cook


Pronouns